Judith Slaying Holofernes (1612-1613) by Artemisia Gentileschi
Artemisia
Gentileschi is a huge inspiration to me and my practise due to her effervescent
courage, mite and strength in response to the harrowing trauma she faced as a
young seventeen year old woman in Rome.Gentileschi's story mirrors my own in several areas and because of this I feel a deep connection to her work and her response to her trauma as an artist.
Gentileschi was often at the mercy of misogynistic
idealisations and patriarchal systems, dimming her potential as an extremely
talented baroque painter. The piece that most stands out to me and touches me
on a deeply emotional level is ‘Judith Slaying Holofernes’, many art historians
believe the painting to be a direct vengeful response to Agostino Tassi, who
raped Artemisia Gentileschi in her own father’s home.
After
Agostino Tassi didn’t fulfil his ‘promise’ to marry Artemisia, Artemisia’s
father took Tassi to court, where Artemisia was subject to gruelling torture
that lasted over a period of several days. The belief was that if Artemisia
stuck to her version of events in spite of the harrowing pain she was subject
to, then she must be telling the truth. Artemisia succeeded in enduring the
torturous pain she was forced to undergo and Tassi was found guilty and was
sentenced to flee Rome. However due to the misogyny and patriarchy that ran
through out Rome at the time combined with general lack of education and
awareness surrounding traumas such as these, Tassi never carried out his
sentence, and him doing so was never enforced.
"Painted after the trauma of her rape by Agostino Tassi the year before in
1611, Artemisia depicted the assassination of the Assyrian general Holofernes
from the Old Testament by the Israelite heroine Judith. Many feminist critics
have interpreted the painting as a form of visual revenge following her sexual
assault and more recently the painting has been praised for Gentileschi's
achievement in portraying strong women."
"Judith, as painted by Artemisia, is full of rage. She is not serene or delicate. She is not posing or unsure. She is angry, certain, and out for blood. Everything in her expression and her movements is full of force and intent. It’s the little details like his hair between her knuckles from where she’s gripping it and the forceful twist of her wrist on his sword that she’s taken. To her rolled sleeves in her incredibly fancy dress. And it’s not afraid to be gory to. Perhaps this is tame by modern standards of blood and gore but for the time it’s very bloody and violent. Supposedly the violence was too much for the first owner who kept it hidden for some time (allegedly). I think it’s important that while the focus is Judith doing the act, her maid is not passive in the violence. She’s holding him down with just as much force as Judith. And unwavering to, despite how we can see how Holofernes was trying to throw her off before he died, his hands still limply in the air. The maids full of as much determination as Judith is. Judith’s dressed up for this to, in a fine gown with her hair done up. This is likely part of the ruse Judith set up before she got Holofernes alone, but I like the detail none the less. That she’s dressed up for this murder."
"Following the trial Artemisia married a little-known Florentine artist by the name of Pierantonio di Vincenzo Stiattesi, and left Rome for Florence shortly thereafter. There she had five children and established herself as an independent artist, becoming the first woman to gain membership to the Academy of the Arts of Drawing in 1616. Artemisia returned to Rome in 1620, beset by creditors after running up debts, and she remained there for 10 years (except for a trip to Venice in 1628).
From 1630 she settled in Naples, where she ran a successful studio until her death. She briefly visited London in 1639, perhaps to assist her ailing father on the ceiling painting of the Queen’s House in Greenwich (now at Marlborough House in London), but was back in Naples the following year. The precise date of her death is not known but a recently discovered document records her still living in Naples in August 1654."